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HomeMy WebLinkAbout09-22-2026 Work Session198 Dunn City Council Regular Meeting Tuesday, September 22, 2026 6:30 PM, Dunn Municipal Building MINUTES PRESENT: Mayor William P. Elmore Jr., Mayor Pro Tern April Gaulden, Council Members J. Wesley Sills, Raquel McNeil, Billy'N. Tart, Alan.Hargis, and Dr. David L. Bradham. Also present: City Manager Justin Hembree, Assistant City Manager Billy Ray Godwin, Deputy Finance Director Alexa Abling, Human Resources Director Connie Jernigan, Chief of Police Lynn Gay, Parks and Recreation Director Brian McNeill, Collection & Distribution Manager Billy Cottle, Wastewater Treatment Plant Manager Donrie Dukes, Water Plant Treatment Plant Manager Ian Stroud, Public Works Director Dwayne Williams, Interim Planning Director Will Deaton, Senior Planner Stephanie Goodrich, Downtown Director Sandra Osman, Code Enforcement Officer Alan Canady, City Attorney Tilghman Pope, and City Clerk Melissa R. Matti. CALL TO ORDER Mayor William P. Elmore, Jr. called the Regular Meeting of the Dunn City Council to order on Tuesday, September 22, 2026, at6:30 PM at the Dunn Municipal Building, 401 East Broad Street, Dunn, North Carolina. ' INVOCATION The invocation was offered by Reverend Cameron Cloud, Pastor of Central Baptist Church. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Council Member Raquel McNeil led the Council in the Pledge of Allegiance. CONSIDERATION & APPROVAL OF THE AGENDA Motion by Council Member Dr. David Bradham, second by Mayor Pro Tem April Gaulden to approve the agenda as presented. The motion carried unanimously. PRESENTATIONS• Proclamation Recognition - Dunn's Diamond Youth Baseball, NC All -Stars (10-Under) AAA State Runner -Ups Parks & Recreation Director Brian McNeill recognized the Dunn Diamond Youth Baseball (10-Under) AAA All -Star team. Mr. McNeil stated that this was the first team in seven (7), or eight (8) years to earn their spot in the Diamond Youth Baseball World Series, representing both the City of Dunn and the State of North Carolina. The team competed in the AAA Division Two World Series in Laurel, Mississippi, finishing fifth (51h) out of twelve (12) teams. During the World Series, the team defeated teams representing Florida, Virginia, and Tennessee. Mayor Elmore read a proclamation into the record recognizing team members Brantlee Bass, Austin Chavis, Sage Dilworth, Lawson Harvey, Brody Herring, Weston Hudson, Lawson Pope, Colton Tart, Hudson Whitaker, Maddox White, Acey Williams,.and Denton Williams, and coaches Andrew White, Mike Hudson, and Greg Tart. Coach Greg Tartspoke on behalf of the coaching staff, reporting that the team finished the season as State Runner - Up and went on to defeat three (3) State Champions during the Diamond Youth Baseball World Series. No Council action was taken. A copy of the Proclamation Recognizing Dunn's Diamond Youth Baseball, NC All -Stars (10-Under) AAA State Runner -Ups (P2026-18) is incorporated. into these minutes as Attachment #1. 1-95 / 1-40 Alliance Regional Economic DevelopmenYUpdate Ryan Murphy, President of the 1-95/1-40 Crossroads of America Economic Development Alliance ("Alliance"), presented a Regional Economic Development Update to the Council. 199 He reported that the Alliance exists to lessen the burdens of member governments by fostering economic development alongthe corridor, with member municipalities including Benson, Dunn, and Four Oaks. Ryan Murphy highlighted regional growth trends, reporting that North Carolina reached 11.2 million residents in 2025, with Harnett County growing 7.3% and neighboring Johnston County growing 14.5% between 2020 and 2024. He stated that projections through 2030 indicate continued accelerated growth_ in both counties. Mr. Murphy further reported that North. Carolina announced $24 billion in private investments and more than 35,000 jobs in 2025, while facing more than $200 billion in infrastructure needs over the next decade. Ryan Murphy described the Alliance's current activities, including coordination with Harnett County Economic Development, Central Carolina Community College, the Dunn Area Chamber of Commerce, and the Dunn Area Committee of'100, as well as engagement with State and Federal officials. He highlighted two (2) key.projects along the corridor. the Harnett 95 site, which includes a 175,000 square foot speculative building and a master plan for approximately 862,000 square feet, and the.VuLcan Elements Advanced Manufacturing Project in Benson, which is moving into construction. Mr. Murphy outlined the Alliance's ratified 2026-27 goals, which include finalizing a'Regional Water and Sewer Strategy focused on Dunn's capabilities;. developing a Defense Industry Strategy around Vulcan Elements, and supporting Dunn's Commercial and Industrial Land Use priorities. No Council action was taken. PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD Dr. Gwen McNeil 202 East Moon Circle, Dunn Re: 801 North Wilson Avenue Dr. Gwen McNeil addressed the Council on behalf of Mr. Campbell, an 84-year-old resident of 801 North Wilson Avenue, who had received Code Violation Notices, including'a warning of potential demolition of his home. Dr. McNeil appealed for compassion in Code Enforcement matters involving elderly and vulnerable residents and requested that anyone willing to provide pro bono assistance to Mr. Campbell come forward. Grant Newton 708 East Morris Circle Re Flock Cameras Mr. Grant Newton addressed the Council in opposition to the use of Flock Cameras in the City of Dunn. He cited recent legal cases involving misuse of the AI -powered license plate reader network and argued that the technology constitutes mass surveillance incompatible with American civil liberties. Mr. Newton urged the Council to remove the Flock Cameras. Patrick White 315 Bryant Road Re: Flock Cameras Mr. White, a lifelong Dunn resident and eighth -grade Social Studies teacher at Dunn Middle School, addressed the Council and urged the removal of the Flock Cameras. He used the Literary device of the "deal with the devil" as a metaphor for:the trade-off between the utility of the technology and the civil liberty concerns it raises, arguing that local law enforcement is capable of protecting citizens without such tools. One (1) registered speaker withdrew their comments. A final speaker began to address a matter related to 804 South Clinton Avenue, but was redirected by Mayor Elmore, who noted that the subject would be taken up during a later Public Hearing, and invited her to share her comments at that time. CONSENTAGENDA Mayor Elmore presented Consent Agenda Items, which included two (2) items: 200 • Approval of September 8, 2026 Work Session Minutes • Resolution Urging a Safe and Courteous Halloween on October 31, 2026 Motion by Council Member J. Wesley Sills, second by Mayor Pro Tern April Gaulden to approve the Consent Agenda. The motion carried unanimously. A copyof the Resolution Urging a Safe and Courteous Halloween on October 31, 2026. (R2026-27) is incorporated into these minutes as Attachment #2. ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION & POSSIBLE ACTION Rezoning/Map Amendment RZ-26-03 1210 Chicken Farm Road Public Hearing Mayor Elmore opened the Public Hearing at 7:05 p.m. Senior Planner Stephanie Goodrich presented the Staff Report on the request to rezone approximately 15+/- acres at 1210 Chicken Farm Road from Industrial (1-100) to Residential (R-20). She reported that the property is currently zoned Industrial but used for agricultural purposes with one existing single-family dwelling, and that it was rezoned from Residential/Agriculture to Industrial during a City -initiated Citywide Large -Scale Rezoning in 2017. Ms. Goodrich stated that the Planning Board reviewed the request in September 2026 and recommended denial by a vote of four to one (4-1), citing that the rezoning was not in the best interest of the City. Council discussion included questions regarding why the applicant sought the rezoning. Ms. Goodrich noted that the applicant approached the Planning Department after the Harnett County Tax Office suggested that rezoning back to residential might lower her property taxes. Council Member Alan Hargis and City Manager Justin Hembree stated their general understanding that property tax valuations are based on current use rather than zoning designation, though Mr. Hembree acknowledged that Tax Office staff would have greater expertise on the specifics. June Green, Property Owner Ms. June Green addressed the Council at length. She stated that she was unaware of the 2017 rezoning until visiting the Tax Office in April 2026 while appealing her property taxes. She reported that the Tax Office confirmed that her property's market value is substantially higher as industrially zoned land, increasing her tax burden even under a deferred agricultural use program. Ms. Green raised concerns about the adequacy of the 2017 Public Notice, questioning whether the newspaper notice met State requirements and whether required signs were posted on or near the property. She stated that none of her neighbors recalled seeing any signs. Ms. Green also outlined practical limitations on the property's industrial viability, including Piedmont Natural Gas pipeline easement across the northern portion of the property; creek and wetlands along the southern boundary, and an existing house built in 1920. She expressed concern about her family's ability to obtain a mortgage, make improvements, or rebuild the home if necessary. Patrick Green 1195 Chicken Farm Road Mr. Green spoke in favor of the rezoning request. He stated that the property has functioned as a residential buffer between surrounding industrial and residential uses and that its current and planned use is residential. Kayla Green 1210 Chicken Farm Road Ms. Green, the current tenant and daughter-in-law of the applicant, spoke in favor, noting practical difficulties in pursuing a mortgage and making improvements to a home situated on industrially zoned land. 201 Rosalie Wooten Bishop Raleigh Resident Ms. Bishop, whose adjacent inherited farmland is being marketed for industrial development, spoke in opposition. She stated that her goal is to bringindustrial growth to the Dunn and Harnett County area and that downzoning the Green property could complicate potential mixed' -use industrial development of surrounding land. She noted that she appealed her own tax valuation and received a reduction and suggested Ms. Green might have pursued a similar path. ChuckTurnage 610 West Broad Street Former Council Member Chuck Turnage addressed the Council and recommended either approving the rezoning request on its merits or returning it to the Planning Board for further review to better assess individualized impacts on the property owner. He stated that the 2017 Citywide Rezoning, though well-intentioned, did not adequately account for individual impacts and noted that the subject property lies within the ETJ, where residents have no. Council representation. Ryan Murphy, President 1-95/1-40 Alliance Mr. Murphy offered remarks from an economic development perspective, summarizing points raised at the September Planning Board meeting. He stated that the property possesses attributes increasingly difficult to replicate, including rail proximity and adjacency to existing industrial businesses. He noted the Planning Board's discussion of a potential compromise of separatingapproximately two (2) acres for residential use rather than converting the entire parcel. Mr. Murphy cautioned that once industrial land is converted to residential use, it is rarely recovered for future job -producing development, particularly given interest in the corridor from projects such as Vulcan Elements in Benson. The Public Hearingwas closed at 8:05 p.m. Council Discussion Council Member Raquel McNeil expressed sympathyfor the property owner, notingthat the Land was rezoned without her knowledge and that the current situation limits her use of the property. Mayor Elmore stated his view that the property should remain industrially zoned, noting that an R-20 designation would permit residential subdivision development that could create land use conflicts with future industry on surrounding parcels. Council Member J. Wesley Sills noted that surrounding land shown on the maps is contiguously zoned 1-100 and that rezoning one parcel could create a gap in an otherwise cohesive industrial tract. Decision A motion by Council Member J. Wesley Sills to deny the rezoning request failed for lack of a second. Motion by Council Member Raquel McNeil, second by Council Member Billy Tart, to table Rezoning / Map Amendment RZ-26-03 until the October 13, 2026 Work Session. The motion carried five to one (5-1), with Council Member J. Wesley Sills in opposition. The Council indicated it would use the October 13 Work Session to further examine the tax valuation question and other outstanding issues before rendering a final decision. Members of the public were invited to attend the Work Session. Conditional Rezoning Map Amendment CZ-26-03 Stoney Run Campground Public Hearing Mayor Elmore opened the Public Hearing at 8:10 p.m. 202 Senior Planner Stephanie Goodrich presented the Staff Report on the request for a Conditional Rezoning / Map Amendment at 11285 NC Highway 55 East from Industrial (1-100) to Conditional Industrial (I.100 CZ) to allowfor a Recreational Vehicle Campground. The two (2) subject parcels total approximately 55.22 acres. Ms. Goodrich noted that the property owner, Rope Star Events LLC, previously received a Conditional Use Permit for this use in 2021, but the permit expired before the project moved forward. She explained that when the Land Development Ordinance was rewritten, the RV Campground use was not included as a permitted use in the 1-100 district, necessitating the Conditional Rezoning request. Staff determined the request to be consistent with the City's Land Use Plan, which designates the area as Parks and Protected Lands. The property is undeveloped, situated adjacent to the Rooms to Go warehouse near I-95, and dies within a flood hazard area that Limits the amount of impervious surface that can be constructed. Donnie Adams, Professional Engineer/Associate Principal Becker Morgan Group Mr. Adams presented on behalf of the applicant. He stated that his firm handled the original Conditional Use Permit and engineering work and would resume that work upon approval. He -described the updated site plan, noting refinements made following market consultation, including a reduction from 85 to 79 RV spaces, larger individual site sizes, and improved road layout to accommodate additional drive -through sites. Mr. Adams stated that the applicant intends to operate a high -quality, short-term destination RV Park for travelers along the 1-95 corridor. Jason Bagwell 4801 Auburn Church Road, Garner, NC Mr. Bagwell addressed'ithe Council and described the intended operation as a short-term destination RV Park offering nightly, weekly, and monthly stays, with an expectation, that guests would not typically remain longer than one (1) month. He outlined plans for strict operational rules, limited vehicle access per site, online -only reservations via credit card, security cameras at access and egress points and along walking trails, a walking path around the property, and potential fishing piers on the lake. He stated that permanent structures on individual sites are not planned, that larger structures such as a Welcome Center 'would go through permitting, - and that local contractors would be used for construction. Mr. Bagwell noted that City water and sewer services would be used, tapping into existing: infrastructure including a sewer line that crosses the property. Council members raised questions regarding electrical service configurations, site surface materials, amenities, management presence, and operational controls. After discussion, City Attorney Tilghman Pope explained the process for attaching conditions to a Conditional Rezoning approval and worked with .the Council and applicant to identify specific, agreed -upon conditions. The Public Hearing was closed at 8:35 p.m. Decision The following conditions were identified and agreed to by the applicant: • No accessory structures on individual rental sites. • All dumpsters to be contained in an enclosed area that is properly screened. • No U.S. Postal Service deliveryto.individual rental sites. City Attorney Tilghman Pope restated the formal motion language at the Council's request. Motion by Council MemberAlan Hargis, second by Council Member Dr. David Bradham, to approve the 'map amendment .to Conditional 1-100 as presented, based, on the competent material and substantial evidence in the record, finding the request consistent with the future land use plan — which designates the property as a Parks and Protected Lands district emphasizing supporting uses that include active recreation — upon the conditions that (1) there will be no accessory structures on individual rental sites, (2) all dumpsters will be contained in an enclosed area that is properly screened, and (3) no U.S. Postal Service delivery will be made to individual KIN rental sites —The motion carried unanimously. Copies of the Application and staff Report are incorporated into these minutes as Attachment #3. Special Use Permit SUP-26-02 804 South Clinton Avenue Evidentiary Hearing City Attorney Tilghman Pope opened and conducted the Evidentiary Hearing at 8:50 p.m. for Case SUP-26-02. He explained that the matter was quasi-judicial and "had to be handled under Evidentiary Procedures and applicable due process safeguards," directing all persons intending to offer testimony to be sworn before evidence was presented. All prospective witnesses were placed under oath. Senior Planner Stephanie Goodrich Ms. Goodrich presented the Staff Report. She testified that Banquet Hall and Event Space uses are not permitted by right in the C3 District but may be authorized only through approval of a Special Use Permit. She stated thatthe application proposed usingthe existing building as an event center with an adjoining.parcel serving as parking.,She described surrounding development as "mostlyvacant properties," a commercial building across,the street, restricted industrial land behind the site, and to the south a vacant parcel and a single-family residence. She further testified that the Future Land Use Plan classifies the area as Gateway and Corridor near downtown emphasizing commercial growth and transportation -sensitive development. M", t During Council questioning, Mayor Elmore clarified that the commercial property across the street had since been renovatedand sold to a local business. Ms. Goodrich acknowledged the updated information. Ravin Nanpatee Civil Engineer - Here Civil Consultants Mr. Nanpatee testified on behalf of the applicant, explaining that he was assisting pro bono. He stated that the proposal was to use the building as a "raw space" event venue with no kitchen, and that food would be prepared off -site. He testified that the existing restroom Layout would remain. He further testified that the site plan included 29 parking spaces, "well above the four (4) spaces -required," and that the owner would be willing to add buffering or landscaping if needed. He stated that asphalt was proposed around the building with gravel in the rear parking area to reduce impervious surface. He testified that the use would comply with City noise and occupancy requirements and that events were intended to conclude by 10:00 p.m. tn'follow-up questioning, Mr. Nanpatee acknowledged uncertainty regarding several operational details, including staffing during events and whether, alcohol would be served. He stated occupancywould be set accordingto applicable requirements but did not provide a specific number. He testified that a dumpster was anticipated in the rear corner of the lot and that the owner "would likely be open to conditions such as a screened or enclosed dumpster area," but acknowledged he did not have legal authority to bind the owner to conditions. Attorney Pope advised1hat conditions must be voluntarily accepted by the -property owner ora legally authorized representative. Becausethe ownerwas not present and Mr. Nanpatee lacked authority, the Council could not impose conditions, and the application had to be considered strictly as submitted. Ryan Murphy, President 1-95/1-40 Alliance 204 Mr. Murphy testified in limited opposition, expressing concern about protecting the nearby Harnett Advanced Technology and Training Center. He stated that ,noise and traffic associated with:an event venue could be problematic near a learning and workforce training environment. After all testimony was received, the Evidentiary Hearing was closed at 8:35 p.m. Motion by Council Member J. Wesley Sills, second by Mayor Pro Tem April Gaulden, to close the hearing. Motion carried unanimously. FINDINGS OF FACT Attorney Tilghman Pope instructed the Council that all six (6) required findings must be affirmed for approval. Finding 1 - Public Health and Safety Motion by Council Member. Wesley Sills, second by Mayor Pro Tem April Gaulden, that the use will not materially endanger public health or safety. Motion carried 4-2, with Council Members Alan Hargis and Dr.'David Bradham opposed. Finding 2-Ordinance Standards Motion by Council Member J. Wesley Sills, second by Council Member Dr. David Bradham, that the use meets all required ordinance standards. 'Motion carried unanimously. Finding 3- Property Values The initial motion to find no substantial injury to adjoining propertyvaluesfailed. Motion by Council Member Raquel McNeil, second by Council Member Alan Hargis, that the use will substantially injure adjoining.or abutting property values, based on incompatibility with surrounding uses and the absence of enforceable conditions. Motion carried 4-2, with Mayor Pro Tem April Gaulden and, Council Member J. Wesley Sills opposed. Findin94-Adequate Facilities Motion by Council Member J. WesleySills, second by Council Member Raquel McNeil, that adequate utilities, access, drainage, sanitation, and related facilities have been or are being provided. Motion carried unanimously to deny.' Finding5-Orderly Development Motion by Council Member J. WesleySills, second by Mayor Pro Tem April Gaulden, that the use will not impede orderly development. Motion carried unanimously. Einding6-Comprehensive Plan Motion by Council Member J. Wesley Sills, second by Council Member Raquel McNeil, that the use conforms to the Comprehensive Plan. Motion carried unanimously. Because Findings 3 and 4 were not affirmed, Attorney Pope_ advised that the Special Use Permit could not be approved. Motion by Council Member Alan Hargis, second by Council Member Billy Tart, to deny Special Use Permit SUP-26-02. Motion carried unanimously. Copies of the Applicationand staff Report are incorporated into these minutes as Attachment #4. The Council denied the request based on its failure to make all findings required by law, particularly its determinations that the use would substantially injure adjoining property values and that adequate facilities had not been sufficiently demonstrated. Sewer Asset Inventory Assessment Project Closeout & Asset Management Program Presentation 205 Casey Dolan of WithersRavenel presented the completed Asset Inventory and Assessment (AIA) project and the resulting Asset Management Plan (AMP) to the Council. She reported that the City received a $400,000 Planning Grantfrorn the State of North Carolina to fund the work in its entirety, with no matching funds required. The grant supported GIS field mapping of over 1,000 manholes, development of a Wastewater Hydraulic. Model, a Risk Analysis, a ten-year Capital Improvement Plan (CIP), an Operation and Maintenance plan, and a Rate Study. Ms. Dolan stated that the purpose of the project was to place the.City's Sewer System in a more informed and viable management posture ahead of projected regional growth, with benefits including improved planning to reduce the likelihood of sanitary sewer overflows and to support long-term fiscal sustainability. Ms. Dolan summarized keyfindings from the hydraulic model, noting that a two-year design storm would cause surcharging in 157 manholes and overflow in 5, while a five-year design storm would result in surcharging in 201 manholes and overflow in 7. She reviewed the likelihood -of -failure and consequence -of -failure analyses used to prioritize the CIP and outlined recommended budget and funding strategies. The CIP identifies a total ten-year investment need of $12.6 million across five scheduled projects, proposed to be funded through $2.57-million in grants, $.1.04million in PAYGO reserves, and $9.02 million in debt financing. She noted that ongoing oversight will be supported through the GIS mapping system and annual budget reviews incorporating CIP priorities. City Manager Justin Hembree stated that the Council had already initiated a process of bringing rates to full cost recovery over the past three (3) years and that any future rate structure decisions ;would occur through the normal budget process. Mayor _Elmore confirmed that the Council's action was solely to adopt the Asset Management Plan as required to close out the grant, without committingto any specific rate changes or projects. Motion by Council Member Alan Hargis, second by Council Member Billy Tart, to adopt the Resolution to Approve and Implement the Asset Management Plan and close out the project. The motion carried unanimously. Copies of the Resolution to Approve and Implement the Asset Management Plan (R2026-28), The Executive Summary, and the Wastewater AIA Project Council Presentation are incorporated into these minutes as Attachment5. Juniper Creek Restoration Stormwater Capital Improvements Plan for2027-2037 Assistant City Manager Billy Godwin briefly presented the item. He noted that at the previous. work session, the Council authorized the City to proceed with a grantapplication to the State for restoration work along Juniper Creek, where an exposed sewer line presents an ongoing problem. A condition of the grant application is that the City's Stormwater Capital Improvement Plan must be updated. The item before the Council was the adoption of an updated Stormwater CIP for 2027-2037, which does not commit funds or obligate the City to specific projects but 'establishes the planning framework required for a complete application due the followingweek. Motion by CouncikMemberDr. David Bradham, second by Council Member Alan Hargis, to adopt the Resolution to Approve and Implement the 'Stormwater Capital Improvement Plan for 2027-2037. The motion carried unanimously. A copy of the Resolution to Approve and Implement the Stormwater Capital Improvement Plan for 2027-2037 (R2026-29)'is incorporated into these,minutes as Attachment #6. Recommended Data Centers Supplemental Standards Mayor Elmore noted that the presentation on Recommended Data Centers Supplemental Standards was anticipated to be lengthy and asked whether the Council wished'totable the item to the October 1.3th Work Session. Motion by Council Member Alan Hargis, second by Mayor Pro Tem April Gaulden to tablethe Recommended Data Centers Supplemental Standards item tothe October 13, 2026 Work Session. The motion carried unanimously. 206 REPORTS & UPDATES City Manager's Report City Manager Justin Hembree stated he had no formal City Manager's Report. He noted that Financial Reports prepared by Finance staff were included in the Council's packet and invited Council members to reach out with any questions. Financial Report The Financial Report was included in the Council packet for the month. No additional presentation was made. Departmental Reports & Project Updates Code Enforcement City Manager Hembree noted that the Code Enforcement staff member had been sent home given the late hour, and that a Code Enforcement Report would be placed on the next agenda. Downtown City Manager Hembree noted that a Social Media Activity Update from Downtown staff, including information on follower growth across downtown -related social media accounts, was included in the Council's packet. ANNOUNCEMENTS Mayor Elmore offered the following announcements: • State of Healthcare Forum, hosted by the Dunn Area Chamber of Commerce: Thursday, October 8, at the Dunn Community Center, 11:30 AM. • Next Work Session: October 13, 2026, at the Dunn Municipal Building. Several items, including tabled agenda items, will be discussed. /t was noted that this would be the last Work Session of the year. • Next Regular Session: October 27, 2026, 6:30 PM. • Trunk or Treat, hosted by the Dunn Police Department and Parks & Recreation: October 30, at Tart Park, 5:30-7:30 PM. • Trick or Treating: Saturday, October 31, 5:00-8:30 PM. ADJOURNMENT Motion by Council MemberJ. Wesley Sills and seconded by Mayor Pro Tem April Gaulden to adjourn. The motion carried unanimously. The meetingwas adjourned at 10 p.m. William P. Elmore Jr. Mayor At st: GOpPORgrF: Melissa R. Matti 5 City Clerk z'� SEAL .\�Q °'•,9TH CA 0%V,%% ''e,,,11,11....