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ARTICLE XII. AMENDMENTS, HEARING PROCEDURES, APPEALS, &
VARIANCES
SECTION 1.0 RESERVED
Reserved
SECTION 2.0 AMENDMENTS
2.1 General Procedures
The Harnett County Board of Commissioners may amend, supplement, or change the text
regulations and zoning district lines according to the following procedures:
Upon the filing of an application for a zoning change a stay shall go into effect for properties
specified within said application, whereby the Harnett County Planning Department, Harnett
County Environment Health Department, Harnett County Public Utilities Department, and
Harnett County Inspections Department shall not accept applications for permits, requests for
approval of minor subdivisions, preliminary plats for major subdivisions, and manufactured home
parks within the proposed zoning area. This stay shall exist for 120 days from the date the
application or petition is filed with the Harnett County Planning Department or until the petition
is approved or disapproved by the Harnett County Board of Commissioners, whichever first
occurs. However, those applications for permits, minor subdivision approvals, and preliminary
plat approvals meeting all provisions of the proposed zoning district, and not in conflict with the
current zoning, will be accepted and processed provided approval has been granted or
recommended by the Administrator or his designee.
2.1.1 Action by the Applicant
The following actions shall be taken by the applicant:
A. Initiation of Amendments
1. Proposed changes or amendments to the Official Zoning Map may be initiated by the
County Board of Commissioners, Planning Board, Board of Adjustment, Planning
Department, or by the owner(s), or his agent, of property within the area proposed to be
changed. Property not owned by the applicant(s) may be included as part of a proposed
amendment to the Official Zoning Map. Applications by the owner(s) or his agent for
changes or amendments to the Official Zoning Map may be submitted no more than once
within a 12 month period for each individual parcel of property. This waiting period shall
not apply to zoning map amendment requests initiated by the County Board of
Commissioners, Planning Board, Board of Adjustment, or Planning Department.
2. Proposed amendments to the text of the Ordinance may be initiated by any interested party.
B. Application
1. An application shall be filed in the Planning Department Office, according to the filing
schedule, for any proposed map change or text amendment. This application shall cite the
area on the existing map or the portion of the existing Ordinance for which the change is
requested.
2. The County Board of Commissioners shall set a fee, payable to Harnett County, North
Carolina, to cover the necessary administrative costs and advertising of each proposed
amendment or map change application. The set fee shall be posted in the County's Planning
Department Office. The Planning Department, Planning Board, Board of Adjustment, and
Board of County Commissioners shall be exempted from this fee.
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2.1.2 Action by Planning Department Staff
Planning Staff shall, upon receipt of an application for amendment, review such application
for completion. Incomplete applications may be returned to the applicant(s) and/or delayed
in review by applicable Boards due to insufficiencies. Upon receipt of a completed
application, Planning Staff will review and compare to best available information and data
used to evaluate appropriateness of amendment requests. Planning Staff will then make a
recommendation on the amendment request, included as part of a staff report, which will
be presented to the applicable Boards.
2.1.3 Action by the Planning Board
The Planning Board shall consider and make recommendations to the County Board of
Commissioners concerning each proposed text change or zoning district change. The
following policy guidelines shall be followed by the Planning Board concerning text change
or zoning district change and no proposed zoning district change will receive favorable
recommendation unless the intent of the following statements are met.
A. The proposal will place all property similarly situated in the area in the same category, or in
appropriate complementary categories.
B. There is convincing demonstration that all uses permitted under the proposed district
classification would be in the general public interest and not merely in the interest of an
individual or small group.
C. There is convincing demonstration that all uses permitted under the proposed district
classification would be appropriate in the area included in the proposed change. (When a new
district designation is assigned, any use permitted in the district is allowable, so long as it meets
district requirements, and not merely uses which applicants state they intend to make of the
property involved.)
D. There is convincing demonstration that the character of the neighborhood will not be materially
and adversely affected by any use permitted in the proposed change.
E. The proposed change is in accordance with the comprehensive plan and sound planning
principles.
In cases where a zoning district change request is recommended for approval by the
Planning Board but does not correspond with the adopted Land Use Plan, the Planning
Board shall further recommend that the Land Use Plan be amended as appropriate. See
Subsection “Land Use Plan Amendments” of this Section, below, for additional
information.
2.1.4 Action by the Board of County Commissioners
The County Board of Commissioners may from time to time as they see fit, amend any
provisions of this Ordinance according to the following procedure:
A. Notice of Public Hearing
1. No amendment or map change shall be adopted by the County Board of Commissioners
until and after public notice and hearing. Such notice and hearing shall be as provided in
NC Statute 153A-323 and 153A-343 as each may exist from time to time.
2. Before taking such lawful action as it may deem advisable, the County Board of
Commissioners shall consider the Planning Board's recommendations on each proposed
zoning amendment or map change. If no recommendation is received from the Planning
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Board within 30 days after public hearing by the County Board of Commissioners, the
proposed amendment shall be deemed to have been approved by the Planning Board.
B. Statement of Consistency
As required, whenever the County Board of Commissioners makes a decision to adopt or reject
an amendment, the Board shall approve a written statement describing whether the action is
consistent with adopted plan(s). For purposes of this Ordinance, the required written statement
shall be considered the staff report, unless otherwise specifically stated in the decision motion
by the Board.
2.2 Zoning Map & Text Amendments
Zoning map and text amendments shall follow the procedures outlined above.
2.3 Amendments to Historic Preservation Regulations
No amendment shall receive recommendation from the Harnett County Planning Board unless
the Historic Properties Commission has first been given the opportunity to make a
recommendation on an application for any text, district, or designation change regulated by Article
“Historic Preservation” of this Ordinance.
2.4 Amendments to Airport Height Control Regulations
No amendment shall receive favorable recommendation unless the application for any text or map
change located within the boundary created by the airport control regulations shall be
accompanied by a determination from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as to the effect
of the proposal on the operation of air navigation facilities and the safe, efficient use of navigable
airspace. Additionally, no amendment shall receive recommendation from the Harnett County
Planning Board unless the Airport Committee has first been given the opportunity to make a
recommendation on an application for any change regulated by Article “Airport Height Control”
of this Ordinance.
2.5 Amendments to Water Supply Watershed Regulations
The NC DENR will be informed of all amendments to this Section that represent major changes
in land use regulations related to all water supply watersheds located in the jurisdiction of Harnett
County.
2.6 Land Use Plan Amendments
2.6.1 General Land Use Plan Amendments
Amendments to the Land Use Plan shall be considered for approval following the same
procedure for text amendments of this Ordinance, as outlined herein. For the purposes of
this Ordinance, an amendment to the Land Use Plan shall be considered as such in regards
to advertising, public hearings, and all other similar requirements.
2.6.2 Land Use Plan Amendments Made in Conjunction with Zoning Map/Change Amendments
Where a proposed zoning change petition conflicts with the Land Use Plan, the Planning
Staff may also request a Land Use Plan amendment, to be considered simultaneously with
the zoning district change request, as outlined herein.
A. In such a case, the Planning Board and County Board of Commissioners shall consider the plan
amendment proposal and the zoning change petition separately, and shall vote separately on the
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two (2) items (though the votes may occur simultaneously).
B. The Planning Board shall submit its report and recommendation regarding the Land Use Plan
amendment to Board of Commissioners at the same time it submits its report and
recommendation regarding the zoning change petition.
C. For the purposes of this Section, Land Use Plan amendments will automatically be advertised in
conjunction with the zoning district change request.
SECTION 3.0 HEARING & MEETING PROCEDURES
3.1 Evidentiary Hearing (Quasi-judicial) Procedures (Conditional Use Permit)
3.1.1 Evidentiary Hearing Notification Procedures
The Chairman of the Board of Adjustment shall schedule an evidentiary hearing on the
application for a conditional use permit to be held within 60 days after the application is
filed.
A. Mailed Notice
Those property owners directly affected by a request heard as an evidentiary hearing shall be
notified of the request and hearing by individual mailed notice. This notice shall be provided to
all adjoining property owners. The property owners shall be determined using best available
County tax records. Planning Department staff shall maintain a record of those property owners
notified, a copy of the mailing itself, and the date on which the mailing was done. This notice
shall be sent via first class mail, made at least 10 days but not more than 25 days prior to the
evidentiary hearing, and shall include information regarding the proposed request, and the time
and place of the hearing.
B. Posted Notice
A notice of the evidentiary hearing shall be posted on the affected site. The County shall
determine an appropriate time and number of postings, so long as the posting provides
reasonable notice to interested parties.
3.1.2 Reserved
3.1.3 Action by the Board of Adjustment
The Board of Adjustment shall approve, modify, or deny the application for conditional use
permit following the evidentiary hearing. In granting a conditional use permit, the Board of
Adjustment shall make written findings that the applicable regulations of the district in which
it is located are fulfilled.
A. Findings of Fact
With due regard to the nature and state of all adjacent structures and uses, the district within
which it is located, and official plans for future development, the Board of Adjustment shall also
make required written findings of fact that the following provisions are fulfilled.
1. The requested use will not materially endanger the public health and safety;
2. The requested use meets, or will meet, all required conditions and specifications;
3. The requested use will not substantially injure the value of adjoining property, or,
alternatively, the requested use is or will be a public necessity;
4. The requested use is in harmony with the surrounding area and compatible with the
surrounding neighborhood; and
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5. The requested use is in general conformance with the Harnett County Unified Development
Ordinance (UDO), Land Use Plan, and other relevant adopted plans.
3.1.4 Conditions of Approval
The Board of Adjustment applies existing regulations of this Ordinance and does not have
unlimited discretion to apply conditions on approval for a conditional use application unless
those conditions are reasonable and specifically address one (1) or more of the required
findings of fact. Conditional use permit hearings are not the appropriate place to make
policy; rather the Board is applying previously set policies to an individual case. The
conditions can be general (for example, the activity shall not have a significant adverse effect
on neighboring property values and the activity be compatible with the surrounding
neighborhood), specific (for example, the use shall be located on a lot of at least 40,000
square feet), or a combination of general and specific standards.
Conditions placed upon a conditional use permit may include but are not limited to the
following:
A. Such conditions may include a time limitation.
B. Conditions may be imposed which require that one (1) or more things be done before the use
requested can be initiated. For example, “A solid board fence shall be erected around the site
to a height of six (6) feet before the use requested is initiated.”
C. Conditions of a continuing nature may be imposed. For example, “Exterior loud speakers shall
not be used between the hours of 10:00 PM and 8:00 AM.”
3.1.5 Abandonment of a Conditional Use Permit
The Board of Adjustment shall have the authority to approve the abandonment of a
conditional use permit at the written and signed request of the permit holder if it determines
that:
A. No construction or activity authorized by the conditional use permit has been started and the
starting time limit has not yet expired; or
B. The development or use authorized by the conditional use permit no longer requires a
conditional use permit, and all conditions of the approval have been satisfied.
3.1.6 Revocation of a Conditional Use Permit
A conditional use permit may be revoked by the Board of Adjustment if the permit recipient
fails to develop or maintain the property in accordance with the plans submitted, the
requirements of this Ordinance, or any additional requirements lawfully imposed by the
Board of Adjustment.
A. Before a conditional use permit may be revoked, all of the notice and hearing procedures of the
Ordinance shall be complied with. The notice shall inform the permit holder of the alleged
grounds for the revocation.
B. The burden of presenting evidence sufficient to authorize the Board of Adjustment to conclude
that a conditional use permit should be revoked for any reason shall be upon the party advocating
that position. The burden of persuasion shall also be upon that party.
C. A motion to revoke a conditional use permit shall include, insofar as practicable, a statement of
the specific reasons or findings of fact that support the motion.
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3.2 Public Meeting Procedures
3.2.1 Public Meeting Notification Procedures
Notification to the public for public meetings may be made via one (1) or more of the
following methods.
A. Notice of the public meeting shall be posted on the property.
B. The public meeting shall be open to the public and all interested persons shall be given the
opportunity to present evidence and arguments and to ask questions of persons who testify.
3.2.2 Public Hearing Notification Procedures
Zoning amendments, both text and map amendments, shall be considered for approval only
after a properly advertised public hearing is held, in compliance with the North Carolina
General Statutes. Those procedures are outlined herein.
A. Published Notice
Notice of the public hearing shall be published in at least two (2) newspaper advertisements, in
a publication of general circulation in the area affected. The first of the two (2) notices shall be
published at least 10 days, but not more than 25 days, prior to the hearing. The second notice
shall appear in a separate calendar week.
B. Mailed Notice
Those property owners directly affected by a zoning map amendment shall be notified of the
request and hearing by individual mailed notice. This notice shall be provided to all adjoining
property owners, as well as to the owners of the property to be rezoned. The property owners
shall be determined using best available County tax records. Planning Department staff shall
maintain a record of those property owners notified, a copy of the mailing itself, and the date
on which the mailing was done. This notice shall be sent via first class mail, made at least 10
days but not more than 25 days prior to the public hearing, and shall include information
regarding the proposed zoning change, and the time and place of the hearing.
C. Posted Notice
A notice of the public hearing for a zoning map amendment shall be posted on the affected site.
The County shall determine an appropriate time and number of postings, so long as the posting
provides reasonable notice to interested parties.
D. Large Scale Zoning Changes
When large scale zoning changes are proposed, those affecting more than 50 parcels with at least
50 different property owners, the County may have the option of providing an expanded
published notice instead of individual mailed notices. With this alternative, the County shall run
two (2) half-page newspaper advertisements for the hearing, post a notice on the site, and mail
notice to those property owners who live outside of the newspaper’s circulation area.
E. Additional Requirements
The County may establish notice requirements in addition to those required by the General
Statutes.
SECTION 4.0 APPEALS
It is the intention of this Ordinance that all questions arising in connection with the enforcement of
this Ordinance shall be presented first to the Administrator. Such questions shall be presented to the
Board of Adjustment or Planning Board only on appeal of a decision of the Administrator or
Development Review Board and within the time limits prescribed in this Ordinance. Recourse for
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appeal of a decision of the Board of Adjustment or Planning Board shall be to the courts as provided
by law. Appeals of the Administrator shall be made to the Board of Adjustment, except in cases of
appeal of the Subdivision Administrator or Development Review Board, which are appealed to the
Planning Board.
An appeal of the Administrator stays all proceedings in furtherance of the action appealed from unless
the Administrator certifies to the Board of Adjustment or Planning Board that by reason of facts
stated in the record a stay would, in his opinion, cause eminent peril to life and or property. In such
a case proceedings shall not be stayed other than by an order from the Harnett County Superior Court.
4.1 Appeal of the Administrator
Review of a decision of the Administrator shall be made by the Board of Adjustment or Planning
Board, in accordance with this Ordinance, upon request of the aggrieved party within 30 days of
the date of the decision. A complete application shall be submitted to the County Planning
Department Office, including all required information and applicable fees. Reviews by the Board
of Adjustment or Planning Board of administrative appeals are quasi-judicial and shall follow the
procedural standards for such.
4.2 Appeal of the Development Review Board
Review of a decision of the Development Review Board shall be made to the Planning Board
upon request of the aggrieved party within 30 days of the date of the decision. A complete
application shall be submitted to the County Planning Department Office, including all required
information and applicable fees. The Planning Board shall conduct a de novo review of the
Development Review Board decision.
4.3 Appeal of the Watershed Administrator
Any order, requirements, decision, or determination made by the Watershed Administrator may
be appealed to and decided by the Watershed Review Board.
A. An appeal from a decision of the Watershed Administrator shall be submitted to the Watershed Review
Board within 30 days from the date the order, interpretation, decision, or determination is made. All
appeals shall be made in writing stating the reasons for appeal. Following submission of an appeal, the
Watershed Administrator shall transmit to the Board all papers constituting the record upon which the
action appealed from was taken.
B. An appeal stays all proceedings in furtherance of the action appealed, unless the Administrator from
whom the appeal is taken certifies to the Board after the notice of appeal has been filed with him, that
by reason of facts stated in the certificate, a stay would in his opinion cause imminent peril to life or
property. In such case, proceedings shall not be stayed otherwise than by a restraining order which
may be granted by a court of record on application of notice of the Administrator from whom the
appeal is taken and upon due cause shown.
C. The Board shall fix a reasonable time for hearing the appeal and give notice thereof to the parties and
shall decide the same within a reasonable time. At the hearing, any party may appear in person, by
agent or by attorney.
4.4 Appeal of the Board of Adjustment
Any interested party may seek review of a decision of the Board of Adjustment in Superior Court
in the nature of certiorari. Any appeal to the Superior Court shall be made within 30 calendar days
after the decision of the Board of Adjustment has been filed. Such decision shall be filed with the
Clerk to the Board of Adjustment in the County Planning Department Office.
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SECTION 5.0 VARIANCES
A grant of relief from the requirements of this Ordinance may be requested, following the provisions
of this Section, where unusual circumstances specific to the property exist, and where literal
enforcement would result in unnecessary and undue hardship; provided however that the need for the
variance was not caused by the applicant or property owner. This Section does not provide for use
variances or enlargement of existing nonconformities beyond what this Ordinance provides for.
Notice of variance requests shall follow “Evidentiary Hearing Notification Procedures” of this Article.
5.1 Zoning Variance Procedures
Zoning regulation variances may be granted in such individual case of unnecessary hardships only
upon findings by the Board of Adjustment after a public hearing that the following conditions
exist. Additionally, the existence of a nonconforming use on neighboring land, buildings, or
structures in the same district or of permitted or nonconforming uses in other districts shall not
constitute a reason for the requested variances. Individual variances may be made subject to
conditions, as imposed by the Board of Adjustment.
No change in permitted uses may be authorized by variance. Appropriate conditions may be
imposed on any variance, provided that the conditions are reasonably related to the variance. Any
other ordinance that regulates land use or development may provide for variances consistent with
the provisions of this subsection.
As per S.L. 2013-126, when unnecessary hardships would result from carrying out
the strict letter of this ordinance, the Board of Adjustment shall vary any of the
provisions of the ordinance upon a showing of all of the following:
A. Unnecessary hardship would result from the strict application of the ordinance. It
shall not be necessary to demonstrate that, in the absence of the variance, no
reasonable use can be made of the property.
B. The hardship results from conditions that are peculiar to the property, such as
location, size, or topography. Hardships resulting from personal circumstances,
as well as hardships resulting from conditions that are common to the
neighborhood or the general public, may not be the basis for granting a variance.
C. The hardship did not result from actions taken by the applicant or the property
owner. The act of purchasing property with knowledge that circumstances exist
that may justify the granting of a variance shall not be regarded as a self-created
hardship.
D. The requested variance is consistent with the spirit, purpose, and intent of the
ordinance, such that public safety is secured and substantial justice is achieved.
5.2 Subdivision Variance Procedures
The Planning Board may vary from the design standards and improvements required by this
Ordinance, after finding that the following conditions exist:
A. There are extraordinary and exceptional conditions pertaining to the particular piece of property in
question because of its size, shape, or topography that are not applicable to other lands or structures.
B. Granting the variance requested will not confer upon the subdivider(s) any special privileges that are
denied to others.
C. A literal interpretation of the provisions of this Ordinance would deprive the subdivider(s) of rights
commonly enjoyed by others.